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J2SE5.0新特性之Foreach<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
晁岳攀 smallnest@163.com
C#中提供了Foreach的用法:
<table class=MsoTableGrid style="BACKGROUND: #cccccc; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=568>foreach (string item in f)
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
</td></tr></table>Java也增加了这样的功能:
<table class=MsoTableGrid style="BACKGROUND: #cccccc; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=568>package com.kuaff.jdk5;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Collection;
public class Foreach
{
private Collection
private String[] belle = new String[4];
public Foreach()
{
belle[0] = "西施";
belle[1] = "王昭君";
belle[2] = "貂禅";
belle[3] = "杨贵妃";
c = Arrays.asList(belle);
}
public void testCollection()
{
for (String b : c)
{
System.out.println("曾经的风化绝代:" + b);
}
}
public void testArray()
{
for (String b : belle)
{
System.out.println("曾经的青史留名:" + b);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Foreach each = new Foreach();
each.testCollection();
each.testArray();
}
}
</td></tr></table>对于集合类型和数组类型的,我们都可以通过foreach语法来访问它。上面的例子中,以前我们要依次访问数组,挺麻烦:
<table class=MsoTableGrid style="BACKGROUND: #cccccc; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=568>for (int i = 0; i < belle.length; i++)
{
String b = belle[i];
System.out.println("曾经的风化绝代:" + b);
}
</td></tr></table>现在只需下面简单的语句即可:
<table class=MsoTableGrid style="BACKGROUND: #cccccc; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=568>for (String b : belle)
{
System.out.println("曾经的青史留名:" + b);
}
</td></tr></table>对集合的访问效果更明显。以前我们访问集合的代码:
<table class=MsoTableGrid style="BACKGROUND: #cccccc; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=568>for (Iterator it = c.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
{
String name = (String) it.next();
System.out.println("曾经的风化绝代:" + name);
}
</td></tr></table>现在我们只需下面的语句:
<table class=MsoTableGrid style="BACKGROUND: #cccccc; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=568>for (String b : c)
{
System.out.println("曾经的风化绝代:" + b);
}
</td></tr></table>Foreach也不是万能的,它也有以下的缺点:
在以前的代码中,我们可以通过Iterator执行remove操作。
for (Iterator it = c.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
{
itremove()
}
但是,在现在的foreach版中,我们无法删除集合包含的对象。你也不能替换对象。
同时,你也不能并行的foreach多个集合。所以,在我们编写代码时,还得看情况而使用它。