站内搜索: 请输入搜索关键词

当前页面: 开发资料首页Javascript 专题用Javascript和DHTML构建的矢量图形库

用Javascript和DHTML构建的矢量图形库

摘要: 用Javascript和DHTML构建的矢量图形库


<script language=javascript> /* This notice must be untouched at all times. wz_jsgraphics.js v. 2.3 The latest version is available at http://www.walterzorn.com or http://www.devira.com or http://www.walterzorn.de Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Walter Zorn. All rights reserved. Created 3. 11. 2002 by Walter Zorn (Web: http://www.walterzorn.com ) Last modified: 15. 3. 2004 Performance optimizations for Internet Explorer by Thomas Frank and John Holdsworth. fillPolygon method implemented by Matthieu Haller. High Performance JavaScript Graphics Library. Provides methods - to draw lines, rectangles, ellipses, polygons with specifiable line thickness, - to fill rectangles and ellipses - to draw text. NOTE: Operations, functions and branching have rather been optimized to efficiency and speed than to shortness of source code. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html for more details. */ var jg_ihtm, jg_ie, jg_fast, jg_dom, jg_moz, jg_n4 = (document.layers && typeof document.classes != "undefined"); function chkDHTM(x, i) { x = document.body || null; jg_ie = x && typeof x.insertAdjacentHTML != "undefined"; jg_dom = (x && !jg_ie && typeof x.appendChild != "undefined" && typeof document.createRange != "undefined" && typeof (i = document.createRange()).setStartBefore != "undefined" && typeof i.createContextualFragment != "undefined"); jg_ihtm = !jg_ie && !jg_dom && x && typeof x.innerHTML != "undefined"; jg_fast = jg_ie && document.all && !window.opera; jg_moz = jg_dom && typeof x.style.MozOpacity != "undefined"; } function pntDoc() { this.wnd.document.write(jg_fast? this.htmRpc() : this.htm); this.htm = ''; } function pntCnvDom() { var x = document.createRange(); x.setStartBefore(this.cnv); x = x.createContextualFragment(jg_fast? this.htmRpc() : this.htm); this.cnv.appendChild(x); this.htm = ''; } function pntCnvIe() { this.cnv.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd", jg_fast? this.htmRpc() : this.htm); this.htm = ''; } function pntCnvIhtm() { this.cnv.innerHTML += this.htm; this.htm = ''; } function pntCnv() { this.htm = ''; } function mkDiv(x, y, w, h) { this.htm += '<\/div>'; } function mkDivIe(x, y, w, h) { this.htm += '%%'+this.color+';'+x+';'+y+';'+w+';'+h+';'; } function mkDivPrt(x, y, w, h) { this.htm += '

<\/div>'; } function mkLyr(x, y, w, h) { this.htm += '<\/layer>\n'; } var regex = /%%([^;]+);([^;]+);([^;]+);([^;]+);([^;]+);/g; function htmRpc() { return this.htm.replace( regex, '
\n'); } function htmPrtRpc() { return this.htm.replace( regex, '\n'); } function mkLin(x1, y1, x2, y2) { if (x1 > x2) { var _x2 = x2; var _y2 = y2; x2 = x1; y2 = y1; x1 = _x2; y1 = _y2; } var dx = x2-x1, dy = Math.abs(y2-y1), x = x1, y = y1, yIncr = (y1 > y2)? -1 : 1; if (dx >= dy) { var pr = dy<<1, pru = pr - (dx<<1), p = pr-dx, ox = x; while ((dx--) > 0) { ++x; if (p > 0) { this.mkDiv(ox, y, x-ox, 1); y += yIncr; p += pru; ox = x; } else p += pr; } this.mkDiv(ox, y, x2-ox+1, 1); } else { var pr = dx<<1, pru = pr - (dy<<1), p = pr-dy, oy = y; if (y2 <= y1) { while ((dy--) > 0) { if (p > 0) { this.mkDiv(x++, y, 1, oy-y+1); y += yIncr; p += pru; oy = y; } else { y += yIncr; p += pr; } } this.mkDiv(x2, y2, 1, oy-y2+1); } else { while ((dy--) > 0) { y += yIncr; if (p > 0) { this.mkDiv(x++, oy, 1, y-oy); p += pru; oy = y; } else p += pr; } this.mkDiv(x2, oy, 1, y2-oy+1); } } } function mkLin2D(x1, y1, x2, y2) { if (x1 > x2) { var _x2 = x2; var _y2 = y2; x2 = x1; y2 = y1; x1 = _x2; y1 = _y2; } var dx = x2-x1, dy = Math.abs(y2-y1), x = x1, y = y1, yIncr = (y1 > y2)? -1 : 1; var s = this.stroke; if (dx >= dy) { if (s-3 > 0) { var _s = (s*dx*Math.sqrt(1+dy*dy/(dx*dx))-dx-(s>>1)*dy) / dx; _s = (!(s-4)? Math.ceil(_s) : Math.round(_s)) + 1; } else var _s = s; var ad = Math.ceil(s/2); var pr = dy<<1, pru = pr - (dx<<1), p = pr-dx, ox = x; while ((dx--) > 0) { ++x; if (p > 0) { this.mkDiv(ox, y, x-ox+ad, _s); y += yIncr; p += pru; ox = x; } else p += pr; } this.mkDiv(ox, y, x2-ox+ad+1, _s); } else { if (s-3 > 0) { var _s = (s*dy*Math.sqrt(1+dx*dx/(dy*dy))-(s>>1)*dx-dy) / dy; _s = (!(s-4)? Math.ceil(_s) : Math.round(_s)) + 1; } else var _s = s; var ad = Math.round(s/2); var pr = dx<<1, pru = pr - (dy<<1), p = pr-dy, oy = y; if (y2 <= y1) { ++ad; while ((dy--) > 0) { if (p > 0) { this.mkDiv(x++, y, _s, oy-y+ad); y += yIncr; p += pru; oy = y; } else { y += yIncr; p += pr; } } this.mkDiv(x2, y2, _s, oy-y2+ad); } else { while ((dy--) > 0) { y += yIncr; if (p > 0) { this.mkDiv(x++, oy, _s, y-oy+ad); p += pru; oy = y; } else p += pr; } this.mkDiv(x2, oy, _s, y2-oy+ad+1); } } } function mkLinDott(x1, y1, x2, y2) { if (x1 > x2) { var _x2 = x2; var _y2 = y2; x2 = x1; y2 = y1; x1 = _x2; y1 = _y2; } var dx = x2-x1, dy = Math.abs(y2-y1), x = x1, y = y1, yIncr = (y1 > y2)? -1 : 1, drw = true; if (dx >= dy) { var pr = dy<<1, pru = pr - (dx<<1), p = pr-dx; while ((dx--) > 0) { if (drw) this.mkDiv(x, y, 1, 1); drw = !drw; if (p > 0) { y += yIncr; p += pru; } else p += pr; ++x; } if (drw) this.mkDiv(x, y, 1, 1); } else { var pr = dx<<1, pru = pr - (dy<<1), p = pr-dy; while ((dy--) > 0) { if (drw) this.mkDiv(x, y, 1, 1); drw = !drw; y += yIncr; if (p > 0) { ++x; p += pru; } else p += pr; } if (drw) this.mkDiv(x, y, 1, 1); } } function mkOv(left, top, width, height) { var a = width>>1, b = height>>1, wod = width&1, hod = (height&1)+1, cx = left+a, cy = top+b, x = 0, y = b, ox = 0, oy = b, aa = (a*a)<<1, bb = (b*b)<<1, st = (aa>>1)*(1-(b<<1)) + bb, tt = (bb>>1) - aa*((b<<1)-1), w, h; while (y > 0) { if (st < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x); } else if (tt < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3) - (aa<<1)*(y-1); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x) - aa*(((y--)<<1)-3); w = x-ox; h = oy-y; if (w&2 && h&2) { this.mkOvQds(cx, cy, -x+2, ox+wod, -oy, oy-1+hod, 1, 1); this.mkOvQds(cx, cy, -x+1, x-1+wod, -y-1, y+hod, 1, 1); } else this.mkOvQds(cx, cy, -x+1, ox+wod, -oy, oy-h+hod, w, h); ox = x; oy = y; } else { tt -= aa*((y<<1)-3); st -= (aa<<1)*(--y); } } this.mkDiv(cx-a, cy-oy, a-ox+1, (oy<<1)+hod); this.mkDiv(cx+ox+wod, cy-oy, a-ox+1, (oy<<1)+hod); } function mkOv2D(left, top, width, height) { var s = this.stroke; width += s-1; height += s-1; var a = width>>1, b = height>>1, wod = width&1, hod = (height&1)+1, cx = left+a, cy = top+b, x = 0, y = b, aa = (a*a)<<1, bb = (b*b)<<1, st = (aa>>1)*(1-(b<<1)) + bb, tt = (bb>>1) - aa*((b<<1)-1); if (s-4 < 0 && (!(s-2) || width-51 > 0 && height-51 > 0)) { var ox = 0, oy = b, w, h, pxl, pxr, pxt, pxb, pxw; while (y > 0) { if (st < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x); } else if (tt < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3) - (aa<<1)*(y-1); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x) - aa*(((y--)<<1)-3); w = x-ox; h = oy-y; if (w-1) { pxw = w+1+(s&1); h = s; } else if (h-1) { pxw = s; h += 1+(s&1); } else pxw = h = s; this.mkOvQds(cx, cy, -x+1, ox-pxw+w+wod, -oy, -h+oy+hod, pxw, h); ox = x; oy = y; } else { tt -= aa*((y<<1)-3); st -= (aa<<1)*(--y); } } this.mkDiv(cx-a, cy-oy, s, (oy<<1)+hod); this.mkDiv(cx+a+wod-s+1, cy-oy, s, (oy<<1)+hod); } else { var _a = (width-((s-1)<<1))>>1, _b = (height-((s-1)<<1))>>1, _x = 0, _y = _b, _aa = (_a*_a)<<1, _bb = (_b*_b)<<1, _st = (_aa>>1)*(1-(_b<<1)) + _bb, _tt = (_bb>>1) - _aa*((_b<<1)-1), pxl = new Array(), pxt = new Array(), _pxb = new Array(); pxl[0] = 0; pxt[0] = b; _pxb[0] = _b-1; while (y > 0) { if (st < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x); pxl[pxl.length] = x; pxt[pxt.length] = y; } else if (tt < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3) - (aa<<1)*(y-1); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x) - aa*(((y--)<<1)-3); pxl[pxl.length] = x; pxt[pxt.length] = y; } else { tt -= aa*((y<<1)-3); st -= (aa<<1)*(--y); } if (_y > 0) { if (_st < 0) { _st += _bb*((_x<<1)+3); _tt += (_bb<<1)*(++_x); _pxb[_pxb.length] = _y-1; } else if (_tt < 0) { _st += _bb*((_x<<1)+3) - (_aa<<1)*(_y-1); _tt += (_bb<<1)*(++_x) - _aa*(((_y--)<<1)-3); _pxb[_pxb.length] = _y-1; } else { _tt -= _aa*((_y<<1)-3); _st -= (_aa<<1)*(--_y); _pxb[_pxb.length-1]--; } } } var ox = 0, oy = b, _oy = _pxb[0], l = pxl.length, w, h; for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) { if (typeof _pxb[i] != "undefined") { if (_pxb[i] < _oy || pxt[i] < oy) { x = pxl[i]; this.mkOvQds(cx, cy, -x+1, ox+wod, -oy, _oy+hod, x-ox, oy-_oy); ox = x; oy = pxt[i]; _oy = _pxb[i]; } } else { x = pxl[i]; this.mkDiv(cx-x+1, cy-oy, 1, (oy<<1)+hod); this.mkDiv(cx+ox+wod, cy-oy, 1, (oy<<1)+hod); ox = x; oy = pxt[i]; } } this.mkDiv(cx-a, cy-oy, 1, (oy<<1)+hod); this.mkDiv(cx+ox+wod, cy-oy, 1, (oy<<1)+hod); } } function mkOvDott(left, top, width, height) { var a = width>>1, b = height>>1, wod = width&1, hod = height&1, cx = left+a, cy = top+b, x = 0, y = b, aa2 = (a*a)<<1, aa4 = aa2<<1, bb = (b*b)<<1, st = (aa2>>1)*(1-(b<<1)) + bb, tt = (bb>>1) - aa2*((b<<1)-1), drw = true; while (y > 0) { if (st < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x); } else if (tt < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3) - aa4*(y-1); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x) - aa2*(((y--)<<1)-3); } else { tt -= aa2*((y<<1)-3); st -= aa4*(--y); } if (drw) this.mkOvQds(cx, cy, -x, x+wod, -y, y+hod, 1, 1); drw = !drw; } } function mkRect(x, y, w, h) { var s = this.stroke; this.mkDiv(x, y, w, s); this.mkDiv(x+w, y, s, h); this.mkDiv(x, y+h, w+s, s); this.mkDiv(x, y+s, s, h-s); } function mkRectDott(x, y, w, h) { this.drawLine(x, y, x+w, y); this.drawLine(x+w, y, x+w, y+h); this.drawLine(x, y+h, x+w, y+h); this.drawLine(x, y, x, y+h); } function jsgFont() { this.PLAIN = 'font-weight:normal;'; this.BOLD = 'font-weight:bold;'; this.ITALIC = 'font-style:italic;'; this.ITALIC_BOLD = this.ITALIC + this.BOLD; this.BOLD_ITALIC = this.ITALIC_BOLD; } var Font = new jsgFont(); function jsgStroke() { this.DOTTED = -1; } var Stroke = new jsgStroke(); function jsGraphics(id, wnd) { this.setColor = new Function('arg', 'this.color = arg.toLowerCase();'); this.setStroke = function(x) { this.stroke = x; if (!(x+1)) { this.drawLine = mkLinDott; this.mkOv = mkOvDott; this.drawRect = mkRectDott; } else if (x-1 > 0) { this.drawLine = mkLin2D; this.mkOv = mkOv2D; this.drawRect = mkRect; } else { this.drawLine = mkLin; this.mkOv = mkOv; this.drawRect = mkRect; } }; this.setPrintable = function(arg) { this.printable = arg; if (jg_fast) { this.mkDiv = mkDivIe; this.htmRpc = arg? htmPrtRpc : htmRpc; } else this.mkDiv = jg_n4? mkLyr : arg? mkDivPrt : mkDiv; }; this.setFont = function(fam, sz, sty) { this.ftFam = fam; this.ftSz = sz; this.ftSty = sty || Font.PLAIN; }; this.drawPolyline = this.drawPolyLine = function(x, y, s) { for (var i=0 ; i>1, b = (h -= 1)>>1, wod = (w&1)+1, hod = (h&1)+1, cx = left+a, cy = top+b, x = 0, y = b, ox = 0, oy = b, aa2 = (a*a)<<1, aa4 = aa2<<1, bb = (b*b)<<1, st = (aa2>>1)*(1-(b<<1)) + bb, tt = (bb>>1) - aa2*((b<<1)-1), pxl, dw, dh; if (w+1) while (y > 0) { if (st < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3); tt += (bb<<1)*(++x); } else if (tt < 0) { st += bb*((x<<1)+3) - aa4*(y-1); pxl = cx-x; dw = (x<<1)+wod; tt += (bb<<1)*(++x) - aa2*(((y--)<<1)-3); dh = oy-y; this.mkDiv(pxl, cy-oy, dw, dh); this.mkDiv(pxl, cy+oy-dh+hod, dw, dh); ox = x; oy = y; } else { tt -= aa2*((y<<1)-3); st -= aa4*(--y); } } this.mkDiv(cx-a, cy-oy, w+1, (oy<<1)+hod); }; /* fillPolygon method, implemented by Matthieu Haller. This javascript function is an adaptation of the gdImageFilledPolygon for Walter Zorn lib. C source of GD 1.8.4 found at http://www.boutell.com/gd/ THANKS to Kirsten Schulz for the polygon fixes! The intersection finding technique of this code could be improved by remembering the previous intertersection, and by using the slope. That could help to adjust intersections to produce a nice interior_extrema. */ this.fillPolygon = function(array_x, array_y) { var i; var y; var miny, maxy; var x1, y1; var x2, y2; var ind1, ind2; var ints; var n = array_x.length; if (!n) return; miny = array_y[0]; maxy = array_y[0]; for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { if (array_y[i] < miny) miny = array_y[i]; if (array_y[i] > maxy) maxy = array_y[i]; } for (y = miny; y <= maxy; y++) { var polyInts = new Array(); ints = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (!i) { ind1 = n-1; ind2 = 0; } else { ind1 = i-1; ind2 = i; } y1 = array_y[ind1]; y2 = array_y[ind2]; if (y1 < y2) { x1 = array_x[ind1]; x2 = array_x[ind2]; } else if (y1 > y2) { y2 = array_y[ind1]; y1 = array_y[ind2]; x2 = array_x[ind1]; x1 = array_x[ind2]; } else continue; // modified 11. 2. 2004 Walter Zorn if ((y >= y1) && (y < y2)) polyInts[ints++] = Math.round((y-y1) * (x2-x1) / (y2-y1) + x1); else if ((y == maxy) && (y > y1) && (y <= y2)) polyInts[ints++] = Math.round((y-y1) * (x2-x1) / (y2-y1) + x1); } polyInts.sort(integer_compare); for (i = 0; i < ints; i+=2) { w = polyInts[i+1]-polyInts[i] this.mkDiv(polyInts[i], y, polyInts[i+1]-polyInts[i]+1, 1); } } }; this.drawString = function(txt, x, y) { this.htm += ''+ txt + '<\/div>'; } this.drawImage = function(imgSrc, x, y, w, h) { this.htm += '
'+ ''+ '<\/div>'; } this.clear = function() { this.htm = ""; if (this.cnv) this.cnv.innerHTML = this.defhtm; }; this.mkOvQds = function(cx, cy, xl, xr, yt, yb, w, h) { this.mkDiv(xr+cx, yt+cy, w, h); this.mkDiv(xr+cx, yb+cy, w, h); this.mkDiv(xl+cx, yb+cy, w, h); this.mkDiv(xl+cx, yt+cy, w, h); }; this.setStroke(1); this.setFont('verdana,geneva,helvetica,sans-serif', String.fromCharCode(0x31, 0x32, 0x70, 0x78), Font.PLAIN); this.color = '#000000'; this.htm = ''; this.wnd = wnd || window; if (!(jg_ie || jg_dom || jg_ihtm)) chkDHTM(); if (typeof id != 'string' || !id) this.paint = pntDoc; else { this.cnv = document.all? (this.wnd.document.all[id] || null) : document.getElementById? (this.wnd.document.getElementById(id) || null) : null; this.defhtm = (this.cnv && this.cnv.innerHTML)? this.cnv.innerHTML : ''; this.paint = jg_dom? pntCnvDom : jg_ie? pntCnvIe : jg_ihtm? pntCnvIhtm : pntCnv; } this.setPrintable(false); } function integer_compare(x,y) { return (x < y) ? -1 : ((x > y)*1); } </script>
<script type=text/javascript> function myDrawFunction() { jg_doc.setColor("#00ff00"); // 选择绿色 jg_doc.fillEllipse(100, 200, 100, 180); // 坐标点相对于文档(document) jg_doc.setColor("maroon"); jg_doc.drawPolyline(new Array(50, 10, 120), new Array(10, 50, 70)); jg_doc.paint(); // 注意:直接在文档上绘制,而不与某个div关联, jg.setColor("#ff0000"); // 选择红色 jg.drawLine(10, 113, 220, 55); // 坐标点相对于div元素 "myCanvas" jg.setColor("#0000ff"); // 选择蓝色 jg.fillRect(350, 30, 30, 60); jg.paint(); jg2.setColor("#0000ff"); // 选择蓝色 jg2.drawEllipse(10, 50, 30, 100); jg2.drawRect(400, 10, 100, 50); jg2.paint(); } var jg_doc = new jsGraphics(); // 直接在文档上绘制 var jg = new jsGraphics("myCanvas"); var jg2 = new jsGraphics("anotherCanvas"); myDrawFunction(); function ZOOM() { if (document.body && document.body.style && typeof document.body.style.zoom != "undefined") { if (document.body.style.zoom=="400%") document.body.style.zoom = "100%"; else { document.body.style.zoom = "400%"; alert('You\'ve doubleclicked on the document.\nDoubleclick again to unzoom.'); } } } document.ondblclick=ZOOM; // </script>

序:在 www.sitepoint.com 上看了 Simon 的一篇 BLOG ,引导我去了一个很棒的 Web 开发站点 http://www.walterzorn.com/ ,并在那里获得了一个仅用 DHTML 和 Javscript 技术开发的一个高性能的矢量图形库 wz_jsgraphics.js (感谢 Walter Zorn 开发了这个图形库),使用它就可以在你的网页上画出漂亮的矢量图形了。进入这个图形库的介绍页面 http://www.walterzorn.com/jsgraphics/jsgraphics_e.htm ,映入眼帘的是折线、多边形、圆等常见的一些几何图形,起初我以为不过是一些图片罢了,当我看到这行小字 These are not image files. Shapes & text have been dynamically drawn with wz_jsgraphics.js 后,并细细阅读了关于它的说明后,才意识到除了VML 和 SVG可以在 网页上绘制显示矢量图形,仅用DHTML 和 Javascript 同样可以做到这一切!是不是觉得很吃惊呢?(双击一下这个文档,看看放大后的矢量图形吧),ok!废话少说,下面我将详细介绍一下这个图形库。

★ 总览 (overview)

该图形库使用了 DHTML 和 Javascript 技术,它可以画线,圆,椭圆,折线,多边形,矩形。对于一个不太了解 Javascript 的人来说使用这个图形库也是非常容易的,另外,使用这个图形库画出的图形是完全被优化到像素级的!

★ 试着由给定的参数画几个图形 (Try it out)

<table cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0> <tr> <td bgColor=white> <form action=""> <table cellSpacing=0> <tr align=right> <td><input style="WIDTH: 100%" onclick=DRAW(this.value) type=button value=drawLine() name=button></td> <td>x1 <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=50 name=dl_x1> </td> <td>y1 <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=-330 name=dl_y1> </td> <td>x2 <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=500 name=dl_x2> </td> <td>y2 <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=800 name=dl_y2> </td></tr> <tr align=right> <td><input style="WIDTH: 100%" onclick=DRAW(this.value) type=button value=drawRect() name=button2></td> <td>x <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=130 name=dr_x> </td> <td>y <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=20 name=dr_y> </td> <td>w <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=490 name=dr_w> </td> <td>h <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=80 name=dr_h> </td></tr> <tr align=right> <td><input style="WIDTH: 100%" onclick=DRAW(this.value) type=button value=fillRect() name=button2></td> <td>x <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=-70 name=fr_x> </td> <td>y <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=130 name=fr_y> </td> <td>w <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=160 name=fr_w> </td> <td>h <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=100 name=fr_h> </td></tr> <tr align=right> <td><input style="WIDTH: 100%" onclick=DRAW(this.value) type=button value=fillPolygon() name=button2></td> <td colSpan=4>x <input size=25 value=80,126,-30,-60 name=fp_x> y <input size=25 value=0,130,40,100 name=fp_y> </td></tr> <tr align=right> <td><input style="WIDTH: 100%" onclick=DRAW(this.value) type=button value=drawEllipse() name=button2></td> <td>x <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=350 name=do_x> </td> <td>y <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=-30 name=do_y> </td> <td>w <input maxLength=3 size=5 value=140 name=do_w> </td> <td>h <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=250 name=do_h> </td></tr> <tr align=right> <td><input style="WIDTH: 100%" onclick=DRAW(this.value) type=button value=fillEllipse() name=button2></td> <td>x <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=20 name=fo_x> </td> <td>y <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=150 name=fo_y> </td> <td>w <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=440 name=fo_w> </td> <td>h <input maxLength=4 size=5 value=800 name=fo_h> </td></tr> <tr> <td colSpan=5> <table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"> <tr> <td>setColor("# <input maxLength=6 size=7 value=00aaaa name=Color> ") </td> <td align=middle>setStroke( <input maxLength=2 size=3 value=4 name=Stroke> ) </td> <td align=right>setStroke(Stroke.DOTTED <input type=checkbox name=Dotted> ) </td></tr></table><input style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; WIDTH: 290px" onclick=;if(jg2)jg2.clear(); type=button value="clear() this test area" name=button2> </td></tr> <tr> <td colSpan=5 height=250>
Test Canvas
</td></tr></table></form></td></tr></table>

性能( Performance

在 HTML 中并没有提供类似于线、圆、椭圆或其它非矩形的图形表现元素。在工作区中,我们可以利用、并设置具有背景颜色的 Div (或 Layer )元素,并且把这些 Div 元素缩小到与像素相似的大小,每一个 Div 元素代表了一个像素,然后用 Div 元素在网页上进行绘制。我们在使用这些 Div 模型来画矢量图形的时候,要尽可能避免一些冗余的接连处,看下面的图:

<script type=text/javascript> function drwPxOv(hnd, left, top, width, height, fact, bad) { var a = width>>1, b = height>>1, cx = left + a*fact, cy = top + b*fact, x = 0, y = b, ox = 0, oy = b, a2 = (a*a)<<1, b2 = (b*b)<<1, st = (a2>>1)*(1-(b<<1)) + b2, tt = (b2>>1) - a2*((b<<1)-1); if (bad) hnd.drawRect(cx+fact*x, cy-fact*y, fact, fact); do { if (st<0) { st += b2*((x<<1)+3); tt += (b2<<1)*(x+1); x++; } else if (tt<0) { st += b2*((x<<1)+3) - (a2<<1)*(y-1); tt += (b2<<1)*(x+1) - a2*((y<<1)-3); x++; y--; if (!bad) hnd.drawRect(cx+fact*ox, cy-fact*oy, fact*(x-ox), fact*(oy-y)); ox = x; oy = y; } else { st -= (a2<<1)*(y-1); tt -= a2*((y<<1)-3); y--; } if (bad) hnd.drawRect(cx+fact*x, cy-fact*y, fact, fact); } while (y>0); if (!bad) hnd.drawRect(cx+fact*ox, cy-fact*oy, fact*(a-ox+1), fact*(oy+1)); } /////////////// Pixel stairs demo /////////////// var jg = new jsGraphics(); jg.htm += '<table align="left" width="354" cellpadding="0"><tr><td height="150" valign="top">
'; jg.setFont("verdana,geneva,sans-serif", "10px", Font.PLAIN); jg.setColor("#ee8800"); jg.drawString("Image dynamically drawn with the Draw Shapes Library", 0, 2); jg.setFont("verdana,geneva,sans-serif", "11px", Font.PLAIN); jg.setColor("#ff0099"); jg.drawString("unfavourable", 10, 129); jg.drawRect(0, 25, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(10, 25, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(20, 25, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(20, 35, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(30, 35, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(40, 35, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(40, 45, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(50, 45, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(60, 45, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(60, 55, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(60, 65, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(70, 65, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(70, 75, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(70, 85, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(80, 85, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(80, 95, 10, 10); jg.drawRect(80, 105, 10, 10); jg.setColor("#008800"); jg.drawString("better", 130, 129); drwPxOv(jg, 30, 25, 16, 16, 10, true); jg.setColor("#0000cc"); jg.drawString("optimal", 260, 129); drwPxOv(jg, 150, 25, 16, 16, 10); jg.htm += '<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/table>'; jg.paint(); // </script>

从左至右,最左边的是最不好的画法,仔细看一下会发现阶梯状的每一行的连接处都会有一个 Div 连接,这个 Div 是没有用的,应该被删除;中间的画法已经很不错了,但应该再优化一下,以第一行为例:用三个 Div 表现水平的一行是多余的,应合为一个,同样垂直方向的 Div 也应合并(例如阶梯的末尾)。

按 Walter Zorn 所言,在画矢量图形时为获得更好的性能,并尽可能避免上述的一些冗余,他用了最好、最快速的算法,只用最少、最必要的 Div 元素来绘制图形。

需要说明的是,不要把这个图形库与用 Java 语言或其它语言开发的图形应用程序相比较,要知道,受基本的 HTML 和浏览器约束,采用 Javascript 脚本语言创建 Div 元素是非常慢的,在这里能达到图形绘制的最优化都已经是最好的结果。在使用这个图形库时,所绘制的图形像素最好不要超过 600 - 1000 像素。

是否应该选择 SVG? 目前具有 SVG 能力的浏览器或使用 SVG 插件的浏览器仍然是少数,所以如果你要画一些简单的矢量图形,使用这个矢量图形库还是一个不错的选择。

★ 浏览器的兼容性

Linux 系统 :
Browsers with Gecko-Engine (Mozilla, Netscape 6+, Galeon), Konqueror 3.0.3 ( 非常慢 ), Netscape 4, Opera 5 and 6.

Windows 系统 :
Gecko-Browsers, IE 4, 5 and 6, Netscape 4, Opera 5, 6 and 7.

说明:如果在网页全部加载完成后,使用这个矢量图形库进行绘制,在 Opera 版本 7 以前的浏览器中不会执行, Netscape 版本 4 也不会执行。相反,当 HTML 页面正在被解析时, 使用这个图形库进行绘制是全部浏览器均能做到的。

★ 怎样使用这个矢量图形库?

<table borderColor=#ffffff cellPadding=0 bgColor=#e6e6e6> <tr> <td>

1 .包含这个库

插入下面的代码到你的 html 文件的开头部分(在 <head> 和 </head> 之间):

</td> <td></td></tr> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td>

<script type="text/javascript" src="wz_jsgraphics.js"></script>

</td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td> <td></td></tr> <tr> <td>

2 .使用层( div 或 layer )作为画布( canvases )
如果是当页面正被载入时,直接在 html 页面中绘制,那么这个步骤不是必须的。

如果在页面加载完成后绘制,应该设置几个具有绝对坐标的层,作为你的画布,每一个层应该有一个唯一的 id:


...

</td> <td></td></tr> <tr> <td>

3 .下载并保存这个图形库

到这个地址 http://www.walterzorn.com/scripts/wz_jsgraphics.zip 下载,将解压后的 wz_jagraphics.js 与你的 html 文件放至相同的目录中,如果你的 wz_jagraphics.js 与 html 文件处于不同的目录下,记得在 src=”wz_jsgraphics.js” 中指示 wz_jagraphics.js 的相对路径。

</td> <td></td></tr></table>

★ 怎样使用这个矢量图形库中的绘制函数?

1 创建一个 jsGraphics 对象

<table cellPadding=0> <tr> <td>

a) 在页面完全载入后绘制:

(这种方式不会在 Netscape 版本 4 和 Opera 版本小于 7 的浏览器中执行)

还记得前面用 div 元素创建的画布吗?看下面的示例, 需要为 div 创建相应的 jsGraphics 对象,这些代码必须插入到相关的 div 元素结束标志

后面, 但必须在 </body> 的前面, div 元素的 id 作为 new jsGraphics(); 的构造参数,像下面这样:

</td></tr> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td bgColor=#e6e6e6>

<script type="text/javascript">
<tr> <td>

如果有多个 div 元素,每一个 div 都需要有它自已的 jsGraphics 对象:

</td></tr> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td bgColor=#e6e6e6>

<script type="text/javascript">
<td></td></tr> <tr> <td>

b )在页面载入的时候绘制
(在 Netscape 4 和 Opera 5/6 可以执行)

只需要将构造参数设为空:

</td> <td></td></tr> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td bgColor=#e6e6e6>

<script type="text/javascript">

你可以选择 jg,jg2 或 jg_doc 其它的变量名,只要不违反 Javascript 的命名规则就可以。

</td> <td></td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td></tr></table>

2. 图形绘制函数

<table cellPadding=0> <tr> <td>

为确保所有浏览器能正确执行, 这里选择页面载入时进行绘制,即上文的 b 方式

一旦产生这些图形对象(在这个示例中 jg, jg2 或 jg_doc ),就可以使用它来调用绘制图形的方法。由图形对象所绘制的图形将会在相关的 div 元素上显示(采用上文 a 方式构造图形对象):

</td> <td></td></tr> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td> <table cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0> <tr> <td bgColor=#e6e6e6>

<script type="text/javascript">
<td></td></tr> <tr> <td>

开始画时应首先选择画笔颜色,否则,画笔的颜色取默认值-黑色。坐标值作为绘制图形方法的参数,如果采用上文的 a 方式构造图形对象,那么坐标值是相对于 div 元素的左上角的。每一个画布(图形对象),它的 paint 方法必须被显示的调用以产生 html 格式的图形,否则,在你的屏幕上什么都不会发生。

</td> <td></td></tr></table>

<table class=mytab cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd align=middle bgColor=#e6e6e6>函数名(方法) </td> <td class=mytd align=middle bgColor=#e6e6e6>示例代码(用 jg 图形对象) </td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

setColor( "#HexColor" );
指定画笔颜色,一旦设置后,这个颜色会一直保留,直到下一次再重新指定画笔颜色,这个颜色值可以类似于 html 中的 #rrggbb 颜色表示,用名称表示颜色也可以,例如:“ maroon ”

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.setColor("#ff0000");

or with identical result

jg.setColor("red");

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

setStroke( Number );
指定画笔采用的线厚度,这个厚度一旦被设置,会一直保留,直到下一次重新指定一,默认厚度是 1px.
要设置点划线型,需要传 Stroke.DOTTED 参数,点划线型同样适用于矩形,多边型,折线和椭圆。

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.setStroke(3);

or

jg.setStroke(Stroke.DOTTED);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

drawLine( X1, Y1, X2, Y2 );
画线。从第一个坐标点到第二个坐标点,线的厚度由 setStroke 设置。

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.drawLine(20,50,453,40);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

drawPolyline( Xpoints, Ypoints );
一条折线是一系列线段的集合, Xpoints 和 Ypoints 是每个点的 x 坐标和 y 坐标的数组集合,必须像下面这样声明:

var Xpoints = new Array(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5);
var YPoints = new Array(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5);

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

var Xpoints = new Array(10,85,93,60);
var YPoints = new Array(50,10,105,87);
jg.drawPolyline(Xpoints,Ypoints);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

drawRect( X, Y, width, height );

一个矩形的外边线。参照左上角的坐标点,并指定矩形的宽度和高度。

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.drawRect(20,50,70,140);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

fillRect( X, Y, width, height );

填充矩形,参照左上角的坐标点,并指定矩形的宽度和高度。

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.fillRect(20,50,453,40);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

drawPolygon( Xpoints, Ypoints );
多边形。 Xpoints 和 Ypoints 是每个点的 x 坐标和 y 坐标的数组集合,必须像下面这样声明:

var Xpoints = new Array(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5);
var YPoints = new Array(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5);

如果始点和终点末被指定,多边线将会自动闭合。

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

var Xpoints = new Array(10,85,93,60);
var Ypoints = new Array(50,10,105,87);
jg.drawPolygon(Xpoints, Ypoints);

Instead of Xpoints and Ypoints you may use another name provided it follows the rules for variable names.

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

fillPolygon( Xpoints, Ypoints );

填充矩形。参数作用见 drawPolygon()

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.fillPolygon(new Array(10,85,93,60), new Array(50,10,105,87));

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

drawEllipse( X, Y, width, height );

画椭圆边线。参照椭圆的外接矩形, x 和 y 是这个外接矩形的左上角坐标

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.drawEllipse(20,50,70,140);
or
jg.drawOval(20,50,70,140);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

fillEllipse( X, Y, width, height );
填充椭圆。参数见 drawEllipse()

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.fillEllipse(20,50,71,141);
or
jg.fillOval(20,50,71,141);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

drawString( "Text", X, Y );

写文本至由 x 和 y 坐标指定的位置。不同于 Java ,坐标值是第一行文本的左上角坐标值。如果文本中包含有 HTML 标记将被转义,举个例子:

"Some Text
more Text" 会被转义为两行


setFont( "font-family", "size+unit", Style );
在 drawString() 之前调用。指定字体,大小,样式,字体和大小可以是与 HTML 中指示的一样,至于样式,可以使用的有:
Font.PLAIN 默认样式,非粗体和斜体
Font.BOLD 粗体
Font.ITALIC 斜体

它们可以结合使用

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.setFont("arial","15px",Font.BOLD);
jg.drawString("Some Text",20,50);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

drawImage( "src", X, Y, width, height );
在指定的位置画图像, ”src” 参数指定图像所在路径, width 和 height 参数允许调整图像宽高。

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.drawImage("friendlyDog.jpg", 20,50,100,150);

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

paint();
必须显示调用,才能真正在 html 页面上画图形,不推荐每隔一段(每画一个图形)就调用一次。

像下面这样的调用应该避免 :
jg.drawEllipse(0, 0, 100, 100);
jg.paint();
jg.drawLine(200, 10, 400, 40);
jg.paint();
...

像下面这样的调用性能会很高 :
jg.drawEllipse(0, 0, 100, 100);
jg.drawLine(200, 10, 400, 40);
/*... 还有其它画的方法 ... */
jg.paint(); // 最后调用 paint()

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.paint();

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

clear();

与图形对象关联的 div 画布中的图形被清除(在 div 中不是由这个图形对象创建的内容是不会被改变的)

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.clear();

</td></tr> <tr class=mytd> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

setPrintable( true );

默认情况下,打印这些图形是不太可行的,因为浏览器的默认打印设置中会关闭打印背景,调用 setPrintable() ,并设置参数为 true ,将重置图形为可打印的(至少在 Mozilla/Netscape 6+ and IE 中)

</td> <td class=mytd vAlign=top>

jg.setPrintable(false);

</td></tr></table>

<script type=text/javascript> var no_dhtm = (document.layers || window.opera && !document.defaultView); function ZOOM() { if (document.body && document.body.style && typeof document.body.style.zoom != "undefined") { if (document.body.style.zoom=="400%") document.body.style.zoom = "100%"; else { document.body.style.zoom = "400%"; alert('You\'ve doubleclicked on the document.\nDoubleclick again to unzoom.'); } } } document.ondblclick=ZOOM; function DRAW(shape) { if (jg_n4 || window.opera && !document.defaultView) { alert('In Netscape 4 and Opera < version 7, the functionality\n"Draw into a canvas, even after the page has fully loaded" isn\'t available.\nThese browsers can only draw directly into the document\nwhile the page is parsed.'); return; } if (window.event) event.cancelBubble = true; var f=document.forms[1]; var color = ''+f.Color.value; for (var z = 0; z

</td> </tr> <tr> <td vAlign=top align=left height="100%">
↑返回目录
前一篇: 关于javascript树形结构的编写问题
后一篇: javascript: 改变和控制显示的图片大小(保持比例,同时可限制高宽)