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深入剖析JSP和Servlet对中文的处理过程（转）
摘要: 深入剖析JSP和Servlet对中文的处理过程（转）
概述<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
世界上的各地区都有本地的语言。地区差异直接导致了语言环境的差异。在开发一个国际化程序的过程中，处理语言问题就显得很重要了。
这是一个世界范围内都存在的问题，所以，Java提供了世界性的解决方法。本文描述的方法是用于处理中文的，但是，推而广之，对于处理世界上其它国家和地区的语言同样适用。
汉字是双字节的。所谓双字节是指一个双字要占用两个BYTE的位置（即16位），分别称为高位和低位。中国规定的汉字编码为GB2312，这是强制性的，目前几乎所有的能处理中文的应用程序都支持GB2312。GB2312包括了一二级汉字和9区符号，高位从0xa1到0xfe，低位也是从0xa1到0xfe，其中，汉字的编码范围为0xb0a1到0xf7fe。
另外有一种编码，叫做GBK，但这是一份规范，不是强制的。GBK提供了20902个汉字，它兼容GB2312，编码范围为0x8140到0xfefe。GBK中的所有字符都可以一一映射到Unicode 2.0。
在不久的将来，中国会颁布另一种标准：GB18030-2000（GBK2K）。它收录了藏、蒙等少数民族的字型，从根本上解决了字位不足的问题。注意：它不再是定长的。其二字节部份与GBK兼容，四字节部分是扩充的字符、字形。它的首字节和第三字节从0x81到0xfe，二字节和第四字节从0x30到0x39。
本文不打算介绍Unicode，有兴趣的可以浏览“http://www.unicode.org/”查看更多的信息。Unicode有一个特性：它包括了世界上所有的字符字形。所以，各个地区的语言都可以建立与Unicode的映射关系，而Java正是利用了这一点以达到异种语言之间的转换。
在JDK中，与中文相关的编码有：
表1 JDK中与中文相关的编码列表
编码名称
说 明
ASCII
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 297pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=396>7位，与ascii7相同
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>ISO8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 297pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=396>8-位，与 8859_1,ISO-8859-1,ISO_8859-1,latin1...等相同
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>GB2312-80
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 297pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=396>16位，与gb2312,gb2312-1980,EUC_CN,euccn,1381,Cp1381, 1383, Cp1383, ISO2022CN,ISO2022CN_GB...等相同
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>GBK
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 297pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=396>与MS936相同，注意：区分大小写
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>UTF8
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 297pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=396>与UTF-8相同
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>GB18030
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 297pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=396>与cp1392、1392相同，目前支持的JDK很少
</td></tr></table>在实际编程时，接触得比较多的是GB2312（GBK）和ISO8859-1。
为什么会有“?”号
上文说过，异种语言之间的转换是通过Unicode来完成的。假设有两种不同的语言A和B，转换的步骤为：先把A转化为Unicode，再把Unicode转化为B。
举例说明。有GB2312中有一个汉字“李”，其编码为“C0EE”，欲转化为ISO8859-1编码。步骤为：先把“李”字转化为Unicode，得到“674E”，再把“674E”转化为ISO8859-1字符。当然，这个映射不会成功，因为ISO8859-1中根本就没有与“674E”对应的字符。
当映射不成功时，问题就发生了！当从某语言向Unicode转化时，如果在某语言中没有该字符，得到的将是Unicode的代码“\uffffd”（“\u”表示是Unicode编码，）。而从Unicode向某语言转化时，如果某语言没有对应的字符，则得到的是“0x3f”（“?”）。这就是“?”的由来。
例如：把字符流buf =“0x80 0x40 0xb0 0xa1”进行new String(buf, "gb2312")操作，得到的结果是“\ufffd\u554a”，再println出来，得到的结果将是“?啊”，因为“0x80 0x40”是GBK中的字符，在GB2312中没有。
再如，把字符串String="\u00d6\u00ec\u00e9\u0046\u00bb\u00f9"进行new String (buf.getBytes("GBK"))操作，得到的结果是“3fa8aca8a6463fa8b4”，其中，“\u00d6”在“GBK”中没有对应的字符，得到“3f”，“\u00ec”对应着“a8ac”，“\u00e9”对应着“a8a6”，“0046”对应着“46”（因为这是ASCII字符），“\u00bb”没找到，得到“3f”，最后，“\u00f9”对应着“a8b4”。把这个字符串println一下，得到的结果是“?ìéF?ù”。看到没？这里并不全是问号，因为GBK与Unicode映射的内容中除了汉字外还有字符，本例就是最好的明证。
所以，在汉字转码时，如果发生错乱，得到的不一定都是问号噢！不过，错了终究是错了，50步和100步并没有质的差别。
或者会问：如果源字符集中有，而Unicode中没有，结果会如何？回答是不知道。因为我手头没有能做这个测试的源字符集。但有一点是肯定的，那就是源字符集不够规范。在Java中，如果发生这种情况，是会抛出异常的。
什么是UTF
UTF，是Unicode Text Format的缩写，意为Unicode文本格式。对于UTF，是这样定义的：
（1）如果Unicode的16位字符的头9位是0，则用一个字节表示，这个字节的首位是“0”，剩下的7位与原字符中的后7位相同，如“\u0034”（0000 0000 0011 0100），用“34” (0011 0100)表示；（与源Unicode字符是相同的）；
（2）如果Unicode的16位字符的头5位是0，则用2个字节表示，首字节是“110”开头，后面的5位与源字符中除去头5个零后的最高5位相同；第二个字节以“10”开头，后面的6位与源字符中的低6位相同。如“\u025d”（0000 0010 0101 1101），转化后为“c99d”（1100 1001 1001 1101）；
（3）如果不符合上述两个规则，则用三个字节表示。第一个字节以“1110”开头，后四位为源字符的高四位；第二个字节以“10”开头，后六位为源字符中间的六位；第三个字节以“10”开头，后六位为源字符的低六位；如“\u9da7”（1001 1101 1010 0111），转化为“e9b6a7”（1110 1001 1011 0110 1010 0111）；
可以这么描述JAVA程序中Unicode与UTF的关系，虽然不绝对：字符串在内存中运行时，表现为Unicode代码，而当要保存到文件或其它介质中去时，用的是UTF。这个转化过程是由writeUTF和readUTF来完成的。
好了，基础性的论述差不多了，下面进入正题。
先把这个问题想成是一个黑匣子。先看黑匣子的一级表示：
<?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" />
简单，这就是一个IPO模型，即输入、处理和输出。同样的内容要经过“从charsetA到unicode再到charsetB”的转化。
再看二级表示：
SourceFile(jsp,java)->class->output
在这个图中，可以看出，输入的是jsp和java源文件，在处理过程中，以Class文件为载体，然后输出。再细化到三级表示：
这个图就更明白了。Jsp文件先生成中间的Java文件，再生成Class。而Servlet和普通App则直接编译生成Class。然后，从Class再输出到浏览器、控制台或数据库等。
JSP：从源文件到Class的过程
Jsp的源文件是以“.jsp”结尾的文本文件。在本节中，将阐述JSP文件的解释和编译过程，并跟踪其中的中文变化。
1、JSP/Servlet引擎提供的JSP转换工具（jspc）搜索JSP文件中用<%@ page contentType ="text/html; charset=
2、jspc用相当于“javac –encoding <Jsp-charset>”的命令解释JSP文件中出现的所有字符，包括中文字符和ASCII字符，然后把这些字符转换成Unicode字符，再转化成UTF格式，存为JAVA文件。ASCII码字符转化为Unicode字符时只是简单地在前面加“00”，如“A”，转化为“\u0041”（不需要理由，Unicode的码表就是这么编的）。然后，经过到UTF的转换，又变回“41”了！这也就是可以使用普通文本编辑器查看由JSP生成的JAVA文件的原因；
3、引擎用相当于“javac –encoding UNICODE”的命令，把JAVA文件编译成CLASS文件；
先看一下这些过程中中文字符的转换情况。有如下源代码：
<table style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-LEFT: 23.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 402.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=537><%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=gb2312"%>
<body>
<%
String a="中文";
out.println(a);
%>
</body>
</td></tr></table>这段代码是在UltraEdit for Windows上编写的。保存后，“中文”两个字的16进制编码为“D6 D0 CE C4”（GB2312编码）。经查表，“中文”两字的Unicode编码为“\u4E2D\u6587”，用 UTF表示就是“E4 B8 AD E6 96 87”。打开引擎生成的由JSP文件转变而成的JAVA文件，发现其中的“中文”两个字确实被“E4 B8 AD E6 96 87”替代了，再查看由JAVA文件编译生成的CLASS文件，发现结果与JAVA文件中的完全一样。
再看JSP中指定的CharSet为ISO-8859-1的情况。
<table style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-LEFT: 23.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 402.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=537><%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"%>
<body>
<%
String a="中文";
out.println(a);
%>
</body>
</td></tr></table>同样，该文件是用UltraEdit编写的，“中文”这两个字也是存为GB2312编码“D6 D0 CE C4”。先模拟一下生成的JAVA文件和CLASS文件的过程：jspc用ISO-8859-1来解释“中文”，并把它映射到Unicode。由于ISO-8859-1是8位的，且是拉丁语系，其映射规则就是在每个字节前加“00”，所以，映射后的Unicode编码应为“\u00D6\u00D0\u00CE\u00C4”，转化成UTF后应该是“C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84”。好，打开文件看一下，JAVA文件和CLASS文件中，“中文”果然都表示为“C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84”。
如果上述代码中不指定<Jsp-charset>，即把第一行写成“<%@ page contentType="text/html" %>”，JSPC会使用file.encoding的设置来解释JSP文件。在RedHat 6.2上，其处理结果与指定为ISO-8859-1是完全相同的。
到现在为止，已经解释了从JSP文件到CLASS文件的转变过程中中文字符的映射过程。一句话：从“JspCharSet到Unicode再到UTF”。下表总结了这个过程：
表2 “中文”从JSP到CLASS的转化过程
Jsp-CharSet
JSP文件中
JAVA文件中
CLASS文件中
GB2312
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 80.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108>D6 D0 CE C4
(GB2312)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 153pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=204>从\u4E2D\u6587(Unicode)到
E4 B8 AD E6 96 87 (UTF)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 94.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=126>E4 B8 AD E6 96 87 (UTF)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 72.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96>ISO-8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 80.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108>D6 D0 CE C4
(GB2312)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 153pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=204>从\u00D6\u00D0\u00CE\u00C4 (Unicode)到C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84 (UTF)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 94.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=126>C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84 (UTF)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 72.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96>无（默认＝file.encoding）
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 80.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108>同ISO-8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 153pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=204>同ISO-8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 94.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=126>同ISO-8859-1
</td></tr></table>
下节先讨论Servlet从JAVA文件到CLASS文件的转化过程，然后再解释从CLASS文件如何输出到客户端。之所以这样安排，是因为JSP和Servlet在输出时处理方法是一样的。
Servlet：从源文件到Class的过程
Servlet源文件是以“.java”结尾的文本文件。本节将讨论Servlet的编译过程并跟踪其中的中文变化。
用“javac”编译Servlet源文件。javac可以带“-encoding <Compile-charset>”参数，意思是“用< Compile-charset >中指定的编码来解释Serlvet源文件”。
源文件在编译时，用<Compile-charset>来解释所有字符，包括中文字符和ASCII字符。然后把字符常量转变成Unicode字符，最后，把Unicode转变成UTF。
在Servlet中，还有一个地方设置输出流的CharSet。通常在输出结果前，调用HttpServletResponse的setContentType方法来达到与在JSP中设置<Jsp-charset>一样的效果，称之为<Servlet-charset>。
注意，文中一共提到了三个变量：<Jsp-charset>、<Compile-charset>和<Servlet-charset>。其中，JSP文件只与<Jsp-charset>有关，而<Compile-charset>和<Servlet-charset>只与Servlet有关。
看下例：
<table style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-LEFT: 23.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 402.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=537>import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
class testServlet extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException,java.io.IOException
{
resp.setContentType("text/html; charset=GB2312");
java.io.PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();
out.println("");
out.println("#中文#");
out.println("");
}
}
</td></tr></table>该文件也是用UltraEdit for Windows编写的，其中的“中文”两个字保存为“D6 D0 CE C4”（GB2312编码）。
开始编译。下表是<Compile-charset>不同时，CLASS文件中“中文”两字的十六进制码。在编译过程中，<Servlet-charset>不起任何作用。<Servlet-charset>只对CLASS文件的输出产生影响，实际上是<Servlet-charset>和<Compile-charset>一起，达到与JSP文件中的<Jsp-charset>相同的效果，因为<Jsp-charset>对编译和CLASS文件的输出都会产生影响。
表3 “中文”从Servlet源文件到Class的转变过程
Compile-charset
Servlet源文件中
Class文件中
等效的Unicode码
GB2312
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 86.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=115>D6 D0 CE C4
(GB2312)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>E4 B8 AD E6 96 87 (UTF)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 132.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=177>\u4E2D\u6587 (在Unicode中＝“中文”)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 84.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=113>ISO-8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 86.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=115>D6 D0 CE C4
(GB2312)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84 (UTF)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 132.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=177>\u00D6 \u00D0 \u00CE \u00C4 (在D6 D0 CE C4前面各加了一个00)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 84.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=113>无（默认）
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 86.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=115>D6 D0 CE C4
(GB2312)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=132>同ISO-8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 132.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=177>同ISO-8859-1
</td></tr></table>
普通Java程序的编译过程与Servlet完全一样。
CLASS文件中的中文表示法是不是昭然若揭了？OK，接下来看看CLASS又是怎样输出中文的呢？
Class：输出字符串
上文说过，字符串在内存中表现为Unicode编码。至于这种Unicode编码表示了什么，那要看它是从哪种字符集映射过来的，也就是说要看它的祖先。这好比在托运行李时，外观都是纸箱子，里面装了什么就要看寄邮件的人实际邮了什么东西。
看看上面的例子，如果给一串Unicode编码“00D6 00D0 00CE 00C4”，如果不作转换，直接用Unicode码表来对照它时，是四个字符（而且是特殊字符）；假如把它与“ISO8859-1”进行映射，则直接去掉前面的“00”即可得到“D6 D0 CE C4”，这是ASCII码表中的四个字符；而假如把它当作GB2312来进行映射，得到的结果很可能是一大堆乱码，因为在GB2312中有可能没有（也有可能有）字符与00D6等字符对应（如果对应不上，将得到0x3f，也就是问号，如果对应上了，由于00D6等字符太靠前，估计也是一些特殊符号，真正的汉字在Unicode中的编码从4E00开始）。
各位看到了，同样的Unicode字符，可以解释成不同的样子。当然，这其中有一种是我们期望的结果。以上例而论，“D6 D0 CE C4”应该是我们所想要的，当把“D6 D0 CE C4”输出到IE中时，用“简体中文”方式查看，就能看到清楚的“中文”两个字了。（当然了，如果你一定要用“西欧字符”来看，那也没办法，你将得不到任何有何时何地的东西）为什么呢？因为“00D6 00D0 00CE 00C4”本来就是由ISO8859-1转化过去的。
给出如下结论：
在Class输出字符串前，会将Unicode的字符串按照某一种内码重新生成字节流，然后把字节流输入，相当于进行了一步“String.getBytes(???)”操作。???代表某一种字符集。
如果是Servlet，那么，这种内码就是在HttpServletResponse.setContentType()方法中指定的内码，也就是上文定义的<Servlet-charset>。
如果是JSP，那么，这种内码就是在<%@ page contentType=""%>中指定的内码，也就是上文定义的<Jsp-charset>。
如果是Java程序，那么，这种内码就是file.encoding中指定的内码，默认为ISO8859-1。
当输出对象是浏览器时
以流行的浏览器IE为例。IE支持多种内码。假如IE接收到了一个字节流“D6 D0 CE C4”，你可以尝试用各种内码去查看。你会发现用“简体中文”时能得到正确的结果。因为“D6 D0 CE C4”本来就是简体中文中“中文”两个字的编码。
OK，完整地看一遍。
JSP：源文件为GB2312格式的文本文件，且JSP源文件中有“中文”这两个汉字
如果指定了<Jsp-charset>为GB2312，转化过程如下表。
表4 Jsp-charset = GB2312时的变化过程
序号
步骤说明
结果
1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>编写JSP源文件，且存为GB2312格式
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
（D6D0=中 CEC4=文）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>2
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>jspc把JSP源文件转化为临时JAVA文件，并把字符串按照GB2312映射到Unicode，并用UTF格式写入JAVA文件中
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>E4 B8 AD E6 96 87
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>3
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把临时JAVA文件编译成CLASS文件
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>E4 B8 AD E6 96 87
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>运行时，先从CLASS文件中用readUTF读出字符串，在内存中的是Unicode编码
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>4E 2D 65 87（在Unicode中4E2D=中 6587=文）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>5
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>根据Jsp-charset=GB2312把Unicode转化为字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>6
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把字节流输出到IE中，并设置IE的编码为GB2312（作者按：这个信息隐藏在HTTP头中）
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>7
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>IE用“简体中文”查看结果
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>“中文”（正确显示）
如果指定了<Jsp-charset>为ISO8859-1，转化过程如下表。
表5 Jsp-charset = ISO8859-1时的变化过程
序号
步骤说明
结果
1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>编写JSP源文件，且存为GB2312格式
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
（D6D0=中 CEC4=文）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>2
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>jspc把JSP源文件转化为临时JAVA文件，并把字符串按照ISO8859-1映射到Unicode，并用UTF格式写入JAVA文件中
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>3
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把临时JAVA文件编译成CLASS文件
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>运行时，先从CLASS文件中用readUTF读出字符串，在内存中的是Unicode编码
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4
（啥都不是！！！）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>5
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>根据Jsp-charset=ISO8859-1把Unicode转化为字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>6
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把字节流输出到IE中，并设置IE的编码为ISO8859-1（作者按：这个信息隐藏在HTTP头中）
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>7
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>IE用“西欧字符”查看结果
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>乱码，其实是四个ASCII字符，但由于大于128，所以显示出来的怪模怪样
8
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>改变IE的页面编码为“简体中文”
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>“中文”（正确显示）
奇怪了！为什么把<Jsp-charset>设成GB2312和ISO8859-1是一个样的，都能正确显示？因为表4表5中的第2步和第5步互逆，是相互“抵消”的。只不过当指定为ISO8859-1时，要增加第8步操作，殊为不便。
再看看不指定
表6 未指定Jsp-charset 时的变化过程
序号
步骤说明
结果
1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>编写JSP源文件，且存为GB2312格式
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
（D6D0=中 CEC4=文）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>2
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>jspc把JSP源文件转化为临时JAVA文件，并把字符串按照ISO8859-1映射到Unicode，并用UTF格式写入JAVA文件中
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>3
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把临时JAVA文件编译成CLASS文件
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>运行时，先从CLASS文件中用readUTF读出字符串，在内存中的是Unicode编码
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4
（啥都不是！！！）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>5
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>根据Jsp-charset=ISO8859-1把Unicode转化为字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>6
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把字节流输出到IE中
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>7
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>IE用发出请求时的页面的编码查看结果
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>视情况而定。如果是简体中文，则能正确显示，否则，需执行表5中的第8步
Servlet：源文件为JAVA文件，格式是GB2312，源文件中含有“中文”这两个汉字
如果
表7 Compile-charset=Servlet-charset=GB2312 时的变化过程
序号
步骤说明
结果
1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>编写Servlet源文件，且存为GB2312格式
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
（D6D0=中 CEC4=文）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>2
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>用javac –encoding GB2312把JAVA源文件编译成CLASS文件
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>E4 B8 AD E6 96 87 （UTF）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>3
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>运行时，先从CLASS文件中用readUTF读出字符串，在内存中的是Unicode编码
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>4E 2D 65 87 (Unicode)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>根据Servlet-charset=GB2312把Unicode转化为字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4 (GB2312)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>5
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把字节流输出到IE中并设置IE的编码属性为Servlet-charset=GB2312
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4 (GB2312)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>6
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>IE用“简体中文”查看结果
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>“中文”（正确显示）
如果
表8 Compile-charset=Servlet-charset=ISO8859-1时的变化过程
序号
步骤说明
结果
1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>编写Servlet源文件，且存为GB2312格式
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
（D6D0=中 CEC4=文）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>2
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>用javac –encoding ISO8859-1把JAVA源文件编译成CLASS文件
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>C3 96 C3 90 C3 8E C3 84 （UTF）
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>3
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>运行时，先从CLASS文件中用readUTF读出字符串，在内存中的是Unicode编码
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4
(啥都不是!!!)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>根据Servlet-charset=ISO8859-1把Unicode转化为字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>5
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>把字节流输出到IE中并设置IE的编码属性为Servlet-charset=ISO8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>D6 D0 CE C4 (GB2312)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>6
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>IE用“西欧字符”查看结果
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>乱码（原因同表5）
7
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 224.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=300>改变IE的页面编码为“简体中文”
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=189>“中文”（正确显示）
如果不指定Compile-charset或Servlet-charset，其默认值均为ISO8859-1。
当Compile-charset=Servlet-charset时，第2步和第4步能互逆，“抵消”，显示结果均能正确。读者可试着写一下Compile-charset<>Servlet-charset时的情况，肯定是不正确的。
当输出对象是数据库时
输出到数据库时，原理与输出到浏览器也是一样的。本节只是Servlet为例，JSP的情况请读者自行推导。
假设有一个Servlet，它能接收来自客户端（IE，简体中文）的汉字字符串，然后把它写入到内码为ISO8859-1的数据库中，然后再从数据库中取出这个字符串，显示到客户端。
表9 输出对象是数据库时的变化过程（1）
<table style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-LEFT: 23.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 405pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=540 border=1> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=48>序号
步骤说明
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>结果
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75>域
1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>在IE中输入“中文”
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>D6 D0 CE C4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75 rowSpan=2>IE
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>2
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>IE把字符串转变成UTF，并送入传输流中
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>E4 B8 AD E6 96 87
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>3
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>Servlet接收到输入流，用readUTF读取
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>4E 2D 65 87(unicode)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75 rowSpan=4>Servlet
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>4
编程者在Servlet中必须把字符串根据GB2312还原为字节流
D6 D0 CE C4
5
编程者根据数据库内码ISO8859-1生成新的字符串
00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4
6
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>把新生成的字符串提交给JDBC
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>7
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>JDBC检测到数据库内码为ISO8859-1
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75 rowSpan=3>JDBC
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>8
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>JDBC把接收到的字符串按照ISO8859-1生成字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>9
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>JDBC把字节流写入数据库中
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>10
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>完成数据存储工作
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>D6 D0 CE C4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75>数据库
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 405pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=540 colSpan=4>以下是从数据库中取出数的过程
11
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>JDBC从数据库中取出字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>D6 D0 CE C4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75 rowSpan=2>JDBC
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>12
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>JDBC按照数据库的字符集ISO8859-1生成字符串，并提交给Servlet
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4 (Unicode)
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>13
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>Servlet获得字符串
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>00 D6 00 D0 00 CE 00 C4 (Unicode)
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75 rowSpan=3>Servlet
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>15
编程者必须根据数据库的内码ISO8859-1还原成原始字节流
D6 D0 CE C4
16
编程者必须根据客户端字符集GB2312生成新的字符串
4E 2D 65 87
（Unicode）
Servlet准备把字符串输出到客户端
17
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>Servlet根据<Servlet-charset>生成字节流
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>D6 D0 CE C4
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 56.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=75 rowSpan=2>Servlet
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>18
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>Servlet把字节流输出到IE中，如果已指定<Servlet-charset>，还会设置IE的编码为<Servlet-charset>
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>D6 D0 CE C4
</td></tr> <tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=48>19
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 206.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=275>IE根据指定的编码或默认编码查看结果
</td> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 106.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=142>“中文”（正确显示）
IE
</td></tr></table>解释一下，表中第4第5步和第15第16步是用红色标记的，表示要由编码者来作转换。第4、5两步其实就是一句话：“new String(source.getBytes("GB2312"), "ISO8859-1")”。第15、16两步也是一句话：“new String(source.getBytes("ISO8859-1"), "GB2312")”。亲爱的读者，你在这样编写代码时是否意识到了其中的每一个细节呢？
至于客户端内码和数据库内码为其它值时的流程，和输出对象是系统控制台时的流程，请读者自己想吧。明白了上述流程的原理，相信你可以轻松地写出来。
行文至此，已可告一段落了。终点又回到了起点，对于编程者而言，几乎是什么影响都没有。
因为我们早就被告之要这么做了。
以下给出一个结论，作为结尾。
1、 在Jsp文件中，要指定contentType，其中，charset的值要与客户端浏览器所用的字符集一样；对于其中的字符串常量，不需做任何内码转换；对于字符串变量，要求能根据ContentType中指定的字符集还原成客户端能识别的字节流，简单地说，就是“字符串变量是基于
2、 在Servlet中，必须用HttpServletResponse.setContentType()设置charset，且设置成与客户端内码一致；对于其中的字符串常量，需要在Javac编译时指定encoding，这个encoding必须与编写源文件的平台的字符集一样，一般说来都是GB2312或GBK；对于字符串变量，与JSP一样，必须“是基于
其实我什么都没做。